Would you like email updates of new search results? Where does one go to help the patient with this thought experiment diagnosis? Here is one thought experiment: consider that we are all supplied with pulmonary stretch receptors. Gasping Syndrome A condition, now of historic interest, caused by a toxic accumulation of benzyl alcoholwhich was used until its toxicity was recognisedto clean neonatal skin. Complications with medications and surgery. In each of these cases, it seems like a primary sensory phenomenon more than an alerting and protective sensation in response to low oxygen or high carbon dioxide levels. The researchers' calculation of the apparent dose of benzyl alcohol given parenterally to the gasping syndrome infants during routine umbilical artery catheter flushing was as much as 20-50 times higher on a daily basis than what was . Do you take Benzyl alcohol and have Gasping syndrome? Valuable tools for building a rewarding career in health care. English term or phrase: gasping syndrome. Again, we are unaware of this, but an observer watching us read or, equipped with night vision goggles and watching us sleep, will see it. [1] Symptoms Gradual neurologic deterioration Severe metabolic acidosis Sudden onset of gasping respiration Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! When you suffer nerve damage from diabetes, it can feel like bees are stinging your feet, but none are present in the room. If you're gasping for air, it means you're trying to catch your breath because your breathing stopped. The course of illness with respiratory distress syndrome depends on the size and gestational age of the baby, the severity of the disease, the . Why no noisy breathing? According to PetPlace, about "20 to 40 percent of all puppies born do not survive past 12 weeks of age." which is all put under the catch-all term fading puppy syndrome. A syndrome characterized by gasping respirations, kernicterus, metabolic [.] This can lead to muscle discomfort, pain, or tiredness.") My son was diagnosed with Tourette's while in Junior high long before our family realized and were diagnosed with EDS. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. The intake of breath can be when inhaling or exhaling, and it . . When prescribing Phytonadione in infants, consider the combined daily metabolic load of benzyl alcohol from all sources including Phytonadione (contains 9 mg of benzyl alcohol per mL) and other drugs containing benzyl alcohol. It is caused by an electrical problem in your heart. 2012 Farlex, Inc. Or, maybe punt back to the primary care or pulmonary or cardiology physician? We regret any print delays and are working to ensure all issues are delivered as soon as possible. What if the pulmonary stretch receptors send a signal Hey! Thakur A, Parvez MM, Leeder JS, Prasad B. This period lasts about four to five weeks (when a kitten is most vulnerable to sickness). . Almost all . Authors J Gershanik, B Boecler, H Ensley, S McCloskey, W George. The symptoms reflect the progressive loss of function and death of . Time to take a deep breath! Most people with dumping syndrome develop signs and symptoms, such as abdominal cramps and diarrhea, 10 to 30 minutes after eating. What is Gasping Syndrome? We can relax now - the pups are fine and mom is fine - the job is done. are thought to be the cause of the gasping syndrome. The symptoms usually begin in childhood, can vary from mild to severe, and change over time. Normal pre-weaning losses in dogs, including stillborn puppies, can be up to thirty percent (30%), with about half of these deaths occurring within the first week of life. population: forty patients who presented to 3 family practice clinics in israel met our 10 criteria for sigh syndrome: recurrent sighing; shallow respiration; conviction that deep breaths are obstructed; intensity of episodes provokes stress leading to consultation; no obvious trigger; episodes last a few days to several weeks; no interference The Gasping Syndrome and Benzyl Alcohol Poisoning, Efficacy and Safety of Bepirovirsen in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection, Phase 2 Trial of Baxdrostat for Treatment-Resistant Hypertension, Progression of Atrial Fibrillation after Cryoablation or Drug Therapy, Surgery or Endovascular Therapy for Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia, Small Interfering RNA to Reduce Lipoprotein(a) in Cardiovascular Disease, Brentuximab Vedotin with Chemotherapy in Pediatric High-Risk Hodgkins Lymphoma, Early Amino Acids in Extremely Preterm Infants and Neurodisability at 2 Years, Single-Dose Psilocybin for a Treatment-Resistant Episode of Major Depression, NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery. Sign in. MeSH Some describe a more continuous, lower-grade background sensation of difficulty breathing with abrupt peaks. Check whether Gasping syndrome is associated with a drug or a condition How to use the study? Having your blood drawn. 8600 Rockville Pike Does anyone have any advice on how to treat a child with a gasping tic (like a loud hiccup). What is that? Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. Already have an account? Brachycephalic airway syndrome refers to a particular set of upper airway abnormalities that affect brachycephalic dogs. A dog gasping for air before dying is likely experiencing what is known as " agonal breathing " also sometimes referred to as " autoresuscitation ." Although the gasps may appear as if the dog is breathing or struggling to breathe, just like a fish out of water, what is really happening is that the dog is actually not really breathing. If you suffer from air hunger, you will always feel that there is a lack of air in your lungs. Arnold Chiari Malformation For more information, please visit our Pediatric Neurosurgery Program site. While reading a book we subconsciously shift in our seat and inspire deeply as we turn a page. EDS involves an urge to sleep that can feel irresistible, and it arises most frequently in monotonous situations. Chloramphenicol accumulates in the baby, causing hypotension ( low blood pressure ), cyanosis (blue coloring of lips, nail beds, and skin from lack of oxygen in the blood), and often death. Neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) is a condition that can cause fading kitten syndrome due to a compatibility issue between a mother cat and her kitten's blood type. Benzyl alcohol is commonly used as an antibacterial agent in a variety of formulations, including bacteriostatic sodium chloride and bacteriostatic water, that are intended for intravenous administration. Blood type A is dominant and AB is rare. PMC The gasping syndrome. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198211253072206. FOIA Cats have three blood types labeled A, B and AB. 1982 Nov;136(11):974-5. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1982.03970470018004. When to see a doctor High levels of stress, anxiety, or fear 5. Print Subscriber? Stroke symptoms include: weakness on one side of the body. This disease was previously known as Haemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn and was first described in 1894 by a doctor called Townsend. A digital journal for innovative original research and fresh, bold ideas in clinical trial design and clinical decision-making. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); We are an encyclopedia about voice, swallowing, airway, coughing, and other head and neck disorders in order to help people work more effectively with their personal physicians. Maybe gently alter behavior to see if it has any impact. Tourette syndrome is a condition that affects the brain and nerves, causing people to make repeated movements and sounds, also known as motor and vocal tics, that they cannot control. Having sleep apnea increases your risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. 1 Caffeine 2 Doxapram 3 Theophylline 4 Aminophylline Doxapram is an analeptic that is used as a respiratory stimulant. The most advanced way to teach, practice, and assess clinical reasoning skills. Fading Kitten Syndrome (FKS) is a condition that anyone who has bred kittens will be aware of. Why no mitral valve prolapse, or something to explain this? Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. What is a Chiari malformation? Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine Do you take Penicillin and have Gasping syndrome? The Gasping Syndrome and Benzyl Alcohol Poisoning. Cookies help us deliver our services. The patient seems weary of the problem. Malkawi WA, AlRafayah E, AlHazabreh M, AbuLaila S, Al-Ghananeem AM. Address reprint requests to Dr. Gershanik at the Department of Neonatology, Southern Baptist Hospital, 2700 Napolean Ave., New Orleans, LA 70115. [from NCI] Term Hierarchy GTR MeSH This is a sign that your fish cannot breathe properly and is looking for the water with the highest oxygen concentration, which is the surface water. Gasping and labored breathing, particularly at night Irregular heartbeats or palpitations Extremely fast and chaotic heartbeat Seizures A major sign of Brugada syndrome is an irregular result on an electrocardiogram (ECG), a test that measures the electrical activity of the heart. The dramatic sensation a sword swallower must ignore during the show. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. A severe coughing spell. About 3% of infants experience sleep apnea during sound sleep. There are three different kinds of VKDB: Classic VKDB: This occurs between one and seven days post birth. 2021;2342:551-593. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1554-6_18. An official website of the United States government. Check whether Gasping syndrome is associated with a drug or a condition How to use the study? A recognizable but to my knowledge previously undescribed disorder. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Thank you for your patience.. It can last for a minute after intense activity, or it can be a chronic problem. Why Do Babies Gasping for Air While Sleeping A baby who breathes sound during his sleep is normal. In short, the patient has complied with every test and treatment recommendation; yet there is still no apparent explanation for this difficulty breathing, and no relief provided by numerous treatment trials. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Stay connected to what's important in medical research and clinical practice, Subscribe to the most trusted and influential source ofmedical knowledge. Dystonia is a group of movement disorders that vary in their symptoms, causes, progression, and treatments. She tells me that her breathing is never noisy, and that her shortness of breath may or may not be associated with exercise. Learn more about its causes and outlook. Sometimes illness may be preceded by low weight and failure to thrive. Gasping Syndrome Known as: Neonatal Gasping Syndrome A syndrome in preterm neonates exposed to benzyl alcohol preservative in intravascular solutions that is characterized by unremitting gasping National Institutes of Health Create Alert Papers overview Semantic Scholar uses AI to extract papers important to this topic. My initial thought in this scenario? Other people have symptoms 1 to 3 hours after eating. Fatal benzyl alcohol poisoning in neonatal intensive care units. Over the past two years, I've had numerous episodes where my body takes involuntary deep breaths, one every 7-8 minutes, interspersed with my normal breathing. Just give her this explanation and leave it there? How would one conceptualize a mechanism? For more learning materials, check out our Multimedia Encyclopedia. Common signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome. Here is my composite description, meaning that individual patients may not fit every element of what follows: Either with exertion or at rest, the patient has an abrupt sense of "smothering," or air hunger. You may see fish congregating around the filter outflow or by the waterfall, other areas . This is an abnormal breathing pattern characterized by gasping, labored breaths when a person isn't able to get enough air to inhale. I am a 53 year old female, non-smoker and have no weight problems, and no known health problems. Tourette can cause problems for children's physical, mental, and . 2022 Laryngopedia. The symptoms range . The feeling is. From the Department of Neonatology, Southern Baptist Hospital, and the Departments of Pediatrics, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Tulane University, New Orleans. It's so satisfying to watch them as they squirm their way along the mother's body, latch on to a nipple and begin to suckle greedily. Everything has come back normal, or anything even slightly abnormal (the reader can fill in the blank) has been treated maximally without any reduction of the patients symptoms. The authors reported the gasping syndrome as the most striking feature, but there were other symptoms including metabolic acidosis, intraventricular haemorrhage, and neurological problems. The most trusted, influential source of new medical knowledge and clinical best practices in the world. 2022 Apr 1;9(4):488. doi: 10.3390/children9040488. A number of different conditions are responsible for these deaths. Powered by Black Line IT. eCollection 2021. The gasping syndrome and benzyl alcohol poisoning. 2022 Feb 15;13:828010. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.828010. Your subscription also includes full access to the NEJM.org website. The authorized source of trusted medical research and education for the Chinese-language medical community. The Blind Spot of Pharmacology: A Scoping Review of Drug Metabolism in Prematurely Born Children. The very worried individual can purchase an oximeter. 2. Before Concise summaries and expert physician commentary that busy clinicians need to enhance patient care. NEW! Complex poisoning mainly with benzyl alcohol complicated by paralytic ileus: a case report. Subscribe now. We roll over in our sleep, mutter, grind our teeth, and take a deep breath. Fading Kitten Syndrome: Symptoms: In emergency cases, if your kitten or cat experiences any of these symptoms take the cat to an emergency veterinary location immediately. The gasping syndrome and benzyl alcohol poisoning N Engl J Med. In 1982 a common excipient, benzyl alcohol, was blamed for the neonatal gasping syndrome and the deaths of 16 premature babies. Gasping was defined as the presence of a rapid inspiratory rise with a retarded expiratory phase preceded and followed by a cessation of breathing movements (5, 8). The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The sound of new tinnitus. Toxic effects of benzyl alcohol, including respiratory failure, vasodilation, hypotension, convulsions, and paralysis have been known for years (3-5). Jarvis WR, Hughes JM, Mosser JL, Allen JR, Haley RW. and despite our taking a deeper breath outside of conscious awareness, the respiratory center does not receive the return communication, Action completed. What if every conceivable test has already been done 3 times? However, it is not a specific illness in the usual sense: rather, there a number of different conditions that can each result in a similar pattern of signs of illness in kittens. The "gasping syndrome" is characterized by central nervous system depression, metabolic acidosis, and gasping respirations. What is Gasping Syndrome? official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Or, Stupid pulmonary stretch receptors! Veterinarians define this as fading puppy syndrome or sudden death in puppies. Fading Kitten Syndrome refers to a kitten's failure to thrive during the period between birth and when they wean from their mother or from a bottle for hand-fed kittens. The most common symptom of dyspnea is the shortness of breath. The gasping was most severe in preterm infants because of metabolic immaturity and the fragility of their skin Segen's Medical Dictionary. Gasping syndrome(caused by a toxic accumulation of benzyl alcohol in neonate) is found to be associated with 9 drugs and 6 conditions by eHealthMe. And so, without being aware of it, we sigh now and then. This disrupts its pumping rhythm. Intravenous administration of benzyl alcohol has been associated with serious adverse events and death in neonates ("gasping syndrome"). Why does this happen? Heart Palpitations Erratic heartbeat, or arrhythmia, is one of the most common signs of long QT syndrome. Why nothing on imaging? It can take any time from minutes to a hour before Fading Kitten Syndrome becomes fatal. 1983 May;137(5):505. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1983.02140310083026. However, little is known about the toxic effects or levels of benzyl alcohol in neonates, especially in sick premature infants. Case Rep Anesthesiol. government site. But what if the person has already seen 3 of each specialtyone who is local, another at a nearby university center, and a third at a national referral center? This disorder, which includes high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol levels, high blood sugar and an increased waist circumference, is linked to a higher risk of heart disease. 2015 My husband and I are not wanting to put her on any brain altering meds since this tic comes and goes. CONTINUE SCROLLING OR CLICK HERE SLIDESHOW But they claim the surgery is horrible they found it creates more issues. Do have her on some of Bonnie's supplements at the present. The .gov means its official. Fukuda H, Kamidani R, Okada H, Kitagawa Y, Yoshida T, Yoshida S, Ogura S. Int J Emerg Med. My mind goes to patients who describe a similar sensation at the moment IV contrast is injected for a CT scan. Dumping syndrome is common after gastric surgery. When a leg goes to sleep, it can feel fatter and heavier than the other one, but it is not. 1985 May-Jun;15(3):195-203. Benzyl alcohol is commonly used as an antibacterial agent in a variety of formulations, including bacteriostatic sodium chloride and . Gasping During Sleep A "Rash" Decision in Anesthetic Management: Benzyl Alcohol Allergy in the Perioperative Period. facial . Dr. Juan . 1982 Nov 25;307(22):1384-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198211253072206. I have since joined this group and occasionally see correlations between tourettes (and seizure activity) and EDS listed on Inspire. This relationship was discovered in 1982 after a series of neonates died or developed a severe illness associated with gasping respirations, metabolic acidosis, and In addition to warmth, a sensation of needing to urinate, etc., they can have a sensation of abrupt, quite compelling, and thankfully transient smothering. And also with encouragement that these ideas have liberated other patients struggling with the same problem. The "gasping syndrome," (characterized by central nervous system depression, metabolic acidosis, gasping respirations, and high levels of benzyl alcohol and its metabolites found in the blood and urine) has been associated with benzyl alcohol dosages >99 mg/kg/day in neonates and low-birth weight . Information, resources, and support needed to approach rotations - and life as a resident. All rights reserved. It is caused by a condition called Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) which means that too much mucus causes airway obstruction, or it may be due to soft tissue than normal. cardiovascular collapse, "the gasping baby syndrome," is perhaps the most widely publicized adverse reaction related to the use of inert ingredients. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Sudden, severe pain. Gasping has been described as snoring, gurgling, moaning, snorting, agonal or labored breathing. This group of neurological conditions is generally characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that force the body into abnormal, sometimes painful, movements and positions (postures). The upper airway abnormalities that occur in this syndrome include: Stenotic nares. NEW ORLEANS -- A nationwide ban on the use of the preservative benzyl alcohol controlled a 'gasping syndrome' that killed premature infants, the doctor who identified the condition says. Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a combination of symptoms that affect both the autonomic nervous system (the part of the nervous system that controls involuntary action such as blood pressure or digestion) and movement. 2022 Jul 4;15(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s12245-022-00434-4. What is that? Present as a bacteriostatic preservative, it was given to children . Or the sensation of air hunger the pearl diver must overcome to stay submerged for 2 minutes while swimming vigorously. Narcolepsy can cause "sleep attacks," which involve . [1], CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (. And if nothing else works, suggest trying to mentally shrug and throw the sensation over the shoulder. And then keep going. Recognizing symptoms and catching them early can save your kitten from some dangerous . The gasping syndrome. Prepare to become a physician, build your knowledge, lead a health care organization, and advance your career with NEJM Group information and services. The site is secure. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS): EDS is the cardinal symptom of narcolepsy, affecting all people with the disorder. (called "gasping syndrome") in young children. Mrk ML, Andersen JT, Lausten-Thomsen U, Gade C. Front Pharmacol. Severe drowsiness often causes lapses in attention. The rapid inspiratory rise. Check whether Gasping syndrome is associated with a drug or a condition Methods Mol Biol. Margo Carter, Phoenix Rising Toy Fox Terriers, 2005. Ann Clin Lab Sci. Even with normal O2 and CO2 levels, if the brain thinks that deep breath did not happen, would it not intrude on conscious thought to re-command more urgently:Hey! Do not give to your newborn baby (up to 4 weeks old), unless recommended by your doctor. Formulation Challenges and Strategies to Develop Pediatric Dosage Forms. Fading Puppy Syndrome is a " used to describe puppies that are apparently normal at birth but gradually "fade" and die within the first two weeks of life. Remind her of the multiplicity of prior normal tests. ATTENTION:Due to global market conditions, you may experience a delivery delay for your print issue of the New England Journal of Medicine. Thinning, fragile skin that bruises easily. We found a couple of Dr's who have treated the condition. The possible causes are hypoxia (insufficient oxygen supply to tissue level), Cardiogenic shock, ischemia, cardiac arrest, stroke, etc. Am J Dis Child. This video shows the same phenomenon, accompanied by a high pitched stridor. They send messages in the background several times across the day and night to the respiratory center:Excuse me Take a deep breath; expand those alveoli; your surfactant is giving you some atelectasis. The minimum amount of benzyl alcohol at which [2], Articles on Gasping syndrome in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ, Cochrane Collaboration on Gasping syndrome, Ongoing Trials on Gasping syndrome at Clinical Trials.gov, Clinical Trials on Gasping syndrome at Google, US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Gasping syndrome, Directions to Hospitals Treating Gasping syndrome, Risk calculators and risk factors for Gasping syndrome, Causes & Risk Factors for Gasping syndrome, List of terms related to Gasping syndrome, Gasping syndrome is a life-threatening condition in neonates characterized by multi-system failure and death following the administration of benzyl alcohol, in the form of bacteriostatic sodium chloride and bacteriostatic water. Gutta cambodia has active ingredients of gamboge. All of this can be offered with a physicians apologies that he or she has nothing better to offer. Children (Basel). A few times a year, distressed patients present from their internists or pulmonologists to see if I can explain their shortness of breath. The gasping syndrome and benzyl alcohol poisoning. Careers. Agonal respiration, gasping respiration or agonal breathing is a distinct abnormal pattern of breathing and brainstem reflex characterized by gasping, labored breathing, accompanied by strange vocalizations and myoclonus. 1 in 10,000 babies are thought to have some form of bleed at or some time after birth. Straining while urinating or having a bowel movement. A recognizable but to my knowledge previously undescribed disorder . A Simple Solution. eCollection 2022. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. Strange Involuntary Breath. Learn more. "The gasping syndrome and benzyl alcohol poisoning", https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Gasping_syndrome&oldid=1070861, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License, This page was last edited 21:17, 18 February 2015 by. Here is my composite description, meaning that individual patients may not fit every element of what follows: Having seen many people who fit the gasping syndrome across the decades, though not usually more than a handful per year, I have speculated that this is a sensory disturbance. Benzyl alcohol and derivatives: Some dosage forms may contain benzyl alcohol and/or sodium benzoate/benzoic acid; benzoic acid (benzoate) is a metabolite of benzyl alcohol; large amounts of benzyl alcohol (99 mg/kg/day) have been associated with a potentially fatal toxicity ("gasping syndrome") in neonates; the "gasping syndrome . A new concern for pediatricians. Agonal breathing commonly occurs with cardiac arrest or a stroke. Accessibility Gasping syndrome is a life-threatening condition in neonates characterized by multi-system failure and death following the administration of benzyl alcohol, in the form of bacteriostatic sodium chloride and bacteriostatic water. https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Gasping+Syndrome, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content. If this is what your baby's spasms always look like, then it might just be double breathing. Gasping syndrome (caused by a toxic accumulation of benzyl alcohol in neonate) is found to be associated with 8 drugs and 6 conditions by eHealthMe. Give her analogies: at the dentist, after anesthesia is in place to allow that root canal or filling, your tongue/lip can feel swollen, but a look in the mirror shows them to be normal. A healthy, vigorous litter of pups is born. Sleep apnea is the blockage of your airway during sleep so gasping for air is a clear a symptom of sleep apnea. Deep breath please! Sometimes called rapid gastric emptying, dumping syndrome most often occurs as a result of surgery on your stomach or esophagus. Maybe suggest that she experiment with assuming control of her response to the sensation by saying to herself: It is just a feeling! Weight gain and fatty tissue deposits, particularly around the midsection and upper back, in the face (moon face), and between the shoulders (buffalo hump) Pink or purple stretch marks (striae) on the skin of the abdomen, thighs, breasts and arms. Am J Dis Child. A follow-on thought experiment: to the patient, and via a summary letter to her doctors, explain the concept of dysesthesia or sensory disturbance. Gasping syndrome infants had comparatively elevated urinary levels of both benzoic and hippuric acids. A gasping syndrome in small premature infants who had been exposed to intravenous formulations containing benzyl alcohol 0.9% as a preservative has been described [7-10 ]. chest x-ray, pulmonary function tests, EKG, stress test, echocardiogram, CT, blood tests, and even bronchoscopy. Your heart is not able to pump blood to your organs. Symptoms of Air Hunger. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. Bookshelf Metabolic syndrome. November 25, 1982N Engl J Med 1982; 307:1384-1388 The exact cause of Meige syndrome is unknown. Hypothermia occurs when kittens get separated from one another and the mother in a chilly environment. In this clip, you can see the later phase, where the apnea is less pronounced, or completely gone, and all that remains is a sort of hiccuping sound. It is very painful at times for my son. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Perhaps point out that it appears there is no danger from this ominous-feeling sensation. Or even a stethoscope as a crutch to allay anxiety. The affected infants presented with a metabolic acidosis, seizures, neurological deterioration, hepatic and renal dysfunction, and cardiovascular collapse. Note that hypothermia is either a cause or a result of a fading kitten crisis. 3. Activate your online access. Although benzyl alcohol toxicity has been recognized, the concentration that is necessary for antibacterial action appears to be much lower than the concentration that would be dangerous to adults.1 , 2 Little, if anything, is known about the possible toxic effects of benzyl alcohol in neonates.Ten premature infants in our neonatal intensivecare unit developed similar clinical syndromes characterized by the deterioration of multiple organ systems and eventual death, which we believe were the result .

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